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Saturday, July 12, 2014

Medical News Today: First dengue vaccine to be widely tested in humans shows promise

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The world's first dengue vaccine to reach phase a 3 clinical trial is reported to be effective in 56% of cases. But further strategies and drugs are needed for effective control.

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Medical News Today: Psychological stress 'increases risk of stroke'

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Life's stresses increase the risk of a stroke or transient ischemic attack, study suggests, and depressive symptoms are even worse for the chances of these cerebrovascular events.

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Medical News Today: Alcohol does not benefit the heart, claims new study

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A new review drawing on 50 studies covering quarter of a million people questions previously held conclusions that a drink a day is good for heart health.

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Medical News Today: HIV found again in child believed to have been cured

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Researchers have detected HIV in the child known as the 'Mississippi Baby' over 2 years after she was deemed to have been free of the virus.

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Medical News Today: Polio eradication could be sped up by extra vaccine dose

4:24 PM Could, eradication, extra, Medical, Polio, Today:, Vaccine No comments

In areas where polio has not been eradicated, an extra vaccine dose given to all young children could reduce local and international spread, a study in The Lancet has suggested.

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Medical News Today: Two-gene test differentiates psoriasis from eczema

3:54 PM differentiates, eczema, Medical, psoriasis, Today:, Two-gene No comments

After analyzing the molecular processes involved, researchers in Germany have developed a test that can differentiate psoriasis from eczema on the basis of only two genes.

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No Criminal Charges In Senate-CIA Spat, Justice Department Says

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"Senate Intelligence Committee Chairwoman Dianne Feinstein alleged in March that the CIA violated federal law by searching computers used by her staff. On Thursday, the Justice Department declined to bring criminal charges against anyone at the CIA or the Senate panel." alt

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Justice Dept. Declines To Step Into Dispute Between CIA And Senators

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by Carrie Johnson

July 10, 2014 4:02 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

2 min 44 sec Playlist Download

The Justice Department has declined to bring criminal charges against anyone at the CIA or the Senate Intelligence Committee, in a dispute over access to sensitive materials on enhanced interrogations. The power struggle relates to a long-running Senate probe over the mistreatment of detainees after Sept. 11.

MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:

Now an update to a rift between the CIA and the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee. Committee staff had been locked in a struggle with the CIA director over access to sensitive information about the reported mistreatment of detainees after 9/11. And earlier this year, CIA lawyers asked prosecutors to investigate whether any laws were broken. NPR's Carrie Johnson reports the Justice Department has declined to bring criminal charges against either side.

CARRIE JOHNSON, BYLINE: The Justice Department says it reviewed allegations the CIA and Senate aides threw at each other, but prosecutors didn't find enough evidence to open a criminal investigation, let alone bring charges against anyone on either side. That decision represents a muted end to a dispute that had the intelligence community at odds against one of its staunchest allies, California Democratic Senator Dianne Feinstein. Feinstein took to the well of the Senate in March to deliver a blistering message to CIA. She'd had enough of efforts to derail her investigation of the agency's detention and interrogation practices. Feinstein was furious the CIA had asked prosecutors to investigate her aides who spent years poring over chilling accounts of detainee abuse. And she accused the CIA of wrongdoing by hacking into a computer to spy on her research.

SENATOR DIANNE FEINSTEIN: In short, this was the exact sort of CIA interference in our investigation that we sought to avoid at the outset.

JOHNSON: CIA director John Brennan said the agency did no such thing.

JOHN BRENNAN: As far as the allegations of, you know, CIA hacking into, you know, Senate computers - nothing could be further from the truth. We wouldn't do that. I mean that's just beyond the scope of reason.

JOHNSON: Prosecutors demonstrated little interest in getting involved in the dispute. And a CIA spokesman, today, declined comment, perhaps hoping the issue would finally fade away. But there's another big shoe to drop. The White House is reviewing the summary and conclusions of Feinstein's committee, and the president says he wants to make them public. National Security Council spokeswoman Caitlin Hayden says the administration is looking at security implications for U.S. interests overseas. For her part, Senator Feinstein says she's pleased with the Justice Department move, and she hopes it will allow the intelligence committee to focus on what really matters - releasing its findings so the, quote, "un-American, brutal program will never again be instituted." Carrie Johnson, NPR News, Washington.

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In A Unanimously Passed Law, The Seeds Of An Immigration Controversy

2:24 PM Controversy, immigration, Passed, Seeds, Unanimously No comments

July 10, 2014 4:02 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

4 min 16 sec Playlist Download Transcript

The handling of unaccompanied minors crossing the border is governed by a law that was passed in 2008, before President Obama took office. For more about the law, Robert Siegel speaks with David Abramowitz, who helped work on the law when it passed. Abramowitz is currently the vice president of Humanity United.

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

Now, more on the law that governs the handling of the unaccompanied children at the border. David Abramowitz, who's now with the foundation Humanity United helped write it. He was chief counsel to the House Foreign Affairs Committee in 2008. Abramowitz says among many things the law did to prevent and combat human trafficking was to reassign responsibility for unaccompanied, undocumented children from the Department of Homeland Security to the Department of Health and Human Services.

DAVID ABRAMOWITZ: I think the feeling was that the Department of Homeland Security wasn't really prepared to deal with the kind of challenges that these children face. These were often cases of child welfare. They have detention facilities that had a wide range of different kinds of individuals there - criminals, adults.

In addition, the idea that they would be detained by the Department of Homeland Security and then there would be a rapid adjudication of who they were and what the problems were was also a challenge.

SIEGEL: Why did the law create a different and more caring regime for kids from noncontiguous countries, than say for kids from Mexico who might face exactly the same issues?

ABRAMOWITZ: Well, I think there were two different considerations in the bill, one was when you were on the border with these children, the people you had to deal with for their return and to check about who they were, were right on the border and you could rely on cooperation. With the faraway countries, the situation was very different.

SIEGEL: What we hear now is, is since the law took effect, that between the time that the child would enter this country and the time that their actually is an adjudication of whether the child has some right to stay, that can be four or five years. Was that kind of timeframe on your mind as you were drafting the law?

ABRAMOWITZ: Not at all. I think that the law provided for a process by which HHS would gain custody of these children, and then there would be some assistance to them so they could know what their rights were and what their right choices were once they were here in the country. It's really a question of the resources that are available to actually implement the law that has led to, what I understand, are sometimes quite lengthy delays.

SIEGEL: Can you accept that in addition to the conditions in Central America, that the record of this law and the delays of actually adjudicating kids' cases in the U.S. might be a case of unintended consequences - might be convincing kids, hey, we can have four years in the states, work, maybe even go to school?

ABRAMOWITZ: Yeah, I'm not sure I follow that argument for a couple of reasons. One is, is that as you said, the bill was passed in 2008. And in 2009, 2010, 2011, you didn't really see any significant influx of children. The second is, they're from primarily Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador. If this was such a huge draw because of these lag time periods, we'd also see children from other countries.

SIEGEL: I'm trying to wrestle with this idea though that the problem that the bill you worked on addresses human trafficking is not the same thing as migration. And somebody who even goes a thousand miles all the way across Mexico may not be doing that as a victim of traffickers, but may be seeking a better life, getting away from a horrible existence in some place. And is there perhaps a mismatch here between the very problem this law was intended to address - human trafficking - and the process that it is being applied to, which his migration?

ABRAMOWITZ: Well, I think that you can't necessarily treat them separately. There are many kinds of human trafficking, but in many ways, as it was conceptualized in the late '90s and into 2000, it was the notion that it was the dark side of globalization. That migration was a good thing for many people but because of the movement of people away from their home communities, they become vulnerable and we need to find ways to address that vulnerability as lawful migration takes place.

SIEGEL: Mr. Abramowitz, thank you very much.

ABRAMOWITZ: Thank you, it was a pleasure.

SIEGEL: David Abramowitz, now of Humanity United. Back in 2008, chief counselor to the House Foreign Affairs Committee when it passed the law that we're hearing invoked about unaccompanied minors along the Mexican border.

MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:

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In The High Drama Of Its 1964 Convention, GOP Hung A Right Turn

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July 10, 2014 4:02 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

8 min 49 sec Playlist Download

In advance of the 50th anniversary of the 1964 Republican Convention, Robert Siegel speaks with The New York Times writer-at-large Sam Tanenhaus. They discuss the impact that the Civil Rights Act, passed earlier that year, had on the nomination of Barry Goldwater.

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

This is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Robert Siegel.

MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:

And I'm Melissa Block. The summer of 1964 was a time of high political drama. President John F. Kennedy had been assassinated the previous November. His vice president and successor, Lyndon Johnson, was running for president. Johnson had just signed a major civil rights bill into law, and the war in Vietnam was still relatively small and popular. Johnson would go on to win by a landslide. Around this time 50 years ago, the Republicans were holding their national convention at the Cow Palace in San Francisco.

SIEGEL: The man about to be nominated for president was Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona, leader of the party's conservative wing. Goldwater had bested several opponents in the primary season, none more notable than Nelson Rockefeller, the governor of New York and pillar of the Northeastern - some would say liberal, some would say moderate wing of the GOP. What both of those two men said and did in San Francisco foretold much of the Republican Party's future and the story of American conservativism - something that Sam Tanenhaus, writer at large for the New York Times, has written about extensively. Sam Tanenhaus, welcome back to the program.

SAM TANENHAUS: Oh, always good to be with you, Robert.

SIEGEL: Set the scene for us. San Francisco 1964, the Republicans are about to nominate Barry Goldwater. What was it all about.

TANENHAUS: Well, Goldwater was the leader, not only of the conservative wing of the Republican Party, but of an insurgency within that party. His followers were, in many cases, from the Southwest. There was a realignment in the party. It had been dominated by so-called kingmakers in the East. The editorial board of the New York Herald Tribune, which was the great voice of moderate Republicanism - that's why Goldwater's winning this nomination when he was the darkest of dark horses represented a tremendous breakthrough for the ideological wing of the Republican Party, the conservative movement and also, real sea-change in our politics.

SIEGEL: To put this in some context, a bit earlier, in 1964, the Senate had approved the Civil Rights Act, and 27 of 33 Republicans voted for it. Barry Goldwater was one of the six who voted against it. How much was this argument over civil rights?

TANENHAUS: A lot - the civil rights movement was gaining in force. It was moving from the South to the North. There were riots in the summer of 1964, and Goldwater was tapping into the anxiety many whites - no longer just Southern whites, but whites in the North and the Midwest - about the speed of racial change and progress. Even though he himself was actually quite tolerant on racial matters, he became the leader of the ideological opposition to civil rights legislation.

SIEGEL: The second evening of the Republican convention, the platform was read, and then an amendment was proposed which would condemn extremism. It would condemn the extremism of the Ku Klux Klan, the Communist Party and the John Birch Society. And Governor Nelson Rockefeller, supporting this move, tried to address the convention and famously was hooted down by the crowd. Let's listen to a bit of it.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

NELSON ROCKEFELLER: And warning of the extremist threat - its danger to the party.

(BOOING)

SIEGEL: And that booing - that hooting down of Governor Rockefeller of New York State went on and on and on.

TANENHAUS: Norman Mailer said a few years later that when Rockefeller stood up against the mob, it was like one of those early moments at the dawn of civilization when one caveman stood off the others and said no, we have to be a civilized society. In retrospect, what we see is Rockefeller really was the hated figure. He was the Republican who was being forced on the party's base, and so for him to take the stage and, in effect, use the language liberals were using to demonize Goldwater and his followers seemed one last betrayal.

SIEGEL: He is referring, in that debate on the civil rights plank, to extremists and extremism. When Barry Goldwater was nominated and when he addressed the convention, extremism is the keyword of the most famous line from that very famous speech.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

BARRY GOLDWATER: I would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice.

(CHEERING)

SIEGEL: Sam, the crowd went on for almost 40 seconds applauding that line of Barry Goldwater's.

TANENHAUS: Well, extremism had many meanings in 1964. One - the most obvious had to do with anti-Communism. Are we going to stand up to the Soviet Union or not? So to be extreme in defense of liberty was as much a reference to taking a very tough position in the Cold War as it was a critique of civil rights legislation that seemed to limit the liberty of white southerners. And it's interesting - I was thinking about this today. If Franklin Roosevelt had said something like that after Pearl Harbor, it might have seemed OK. It was the context in which he delivered those words - when extremism was identified by so many with fringe groups like southern segregationists who were blocking the schoolhouse doors to African-Americans in the South. And there were some, including quite ideological conservatives, who the moment Goldwater uttered those words said, this election is lost.

SIEGEL: And then, of course, the Rockefeller Republicans would typically say we're not liberal. We're moderate Republicans. And the second half of that part of the Goldwater speech addressed moderation.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GOLDWATER: And let me remind you, also, that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.

(CHEERING)

SIEGEL: Barry Goldwater went on to lose by a historic margin in 1964. But this is the election of which it's often said that the battle was lost, but the war was won for Republican conservatives in 1964.

TANENHAUS: Well, immediately afterwards, an organization called the American Conservative Union was formed in Washington, D.C. It would become a kind of political citadel for the right. There was a term or an expression many conservatives used - 27 million. That is the 27 million people who voted for Barry Goldwater formed a new base. Here was Barry Goldwater getting a shade under 40 percent of the vote in a very, very large country in an election any Republican was probably doomed to lose because Lyndon Johnson was the torchbearer of the assassinated martyr John F. Kennedy. To do as well as he did was not really so bad in retrospect.

SIEGEL: Well, Sam Tanenhaus of the New York Times, thanks for talking with us about that Republican convention 50 years ago.

TANENHAUS: My pleasure as always, Robert.

SIEGEL: Sam is a writer-at-large for the New York Times. He was talking with us about the 1964 Republican convention. His most recent article for the Times Sunday Magazine is about today's conservative Republicans. It's titled "Can The GOP Be A Party Of Ideas?"

BLOCK: You're listening to ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News.

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Signs Emerge Of A Compromise On Obama's $3.7B Immmigration Request

1:24 PM $3.7B, Compromise, Emerge, Immmigration, Obama's, Request, Signs No comments

"Immigrants from Honduras and El Salvador who crossed the U.S.-Mexico border illegally are stopped in Granjeno, Texas, on June 25. President Obama asked Congress this week for $3.7 billion to cope with thousands of minors from Central America who are illegally crossing the U.S. border." alt

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Obama's Request For Immigration Funds Meets Pushback On The Hill

12:54 PM Funds, immigration, meets, Obama's, Pushback, Request No comments

by Melissa Block and Ailsa Chang

July 10, 2014 5:19 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

3 min 25 sec Playlist Download Transcript

President Obama has asked Congress for $3.7 billion in emergency funds to address the influx of immigrant children at the U.S.-Mexico border. The Senate Appropriations Committee is holding a hearing Thursday about the request.

ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST:

From NPR News, this is ALL THINGS CONSIDERED. I'm Robert Siegel.

MELISSA BLOCK, HOST:

And I'm Melissa Block. In this part of the program - the surge of migrants across the border and the debate in Washington over what to do. Today, the Senate Appropriations Committee took up President Obama's request for $3.7 billion. The money is intended to deal with the influx of Central American children entering the U.S. alone. Testifying today were the heads of Homeland Security and Health and Human Services, Jeh Johnson and Sylvia Mathews Burwell. NPR's Ailsa Chang has been following the discussion on Capitol Hill and joins us now. And Ailsa, how much appetite or lack of appetite are you hearing in Congress about granting these emergency funds?

AILSA CHANG, BYLINE: Well, there's grumbling about not handing the president a blank check, but everyone's on board that something needs to be done. Republican leaders want these children to be processed more quickly, sent home safely. They want the border to be better secured. Clearly, all of that is going to take money. The question is how much money should be spent on what. How much do we spend on caring for these children while they're here versus how much do we spend on expediting their deportations? And here's the main conflict for Republicans. They want to help solve this crisis and certainly don't want to get blamed for denying funding to do so, but they don't want to see the president fix a crisis they say he caused and let him get off the hook. Here's House Speaker John Boehner.

(SOUNDBITE OF SPEECH)

SENATOR JOHN BOEHNER: So this is a problem of the president's own making. He's been president for five and a half years. When's he going to take responsibility for something?

BLOCK: So, that was an apparently irate Speaker Boehner there. What are some of the concrete examples that Republicans are using to show that the White House is encouraging the influx of children?

CHANG: Well, the drum beat that's been sounding for months is that the White House's lax immigration policies are lulling families in Central America into believing their children will be able to stay. And Republicans are zeroing in on the number of children the administration is regularly deporting. Mike Johanns of Nebraska said, when smuggling groups are promising parents a safe haven for their children they are actually speaking truthfully.

SENATOR MIKE JOHANNS: You tell me, Mr. Secretary, that 1,800 get deported. Those are pretty darn good odds. Chances are you're not going to get deported.

CHANG: Johanns is referring to figures officials gave today at the hearing. Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson says they're only deporting 1,800 children a year right now. And remember, about 57,000 of these kids have entered just since last October. Johnson says if this request for funding is granted, the government will be able to process an additional 55,000 to 75,000 cases a year. And if it's not granted, he says border patrol will basically run out of money by the end of the summer.

BLOCK: Also there's been talk about amending a 2008 law. The idea would be to help the administration process these kids more quickly. How much bipartisan interest is there in doing that?

CHANG: There is quite a bit. This is the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008. It passed unanimously and it was originally aimed at fighting human trafficking, but what it does is require children from countries that don't border the U.S. to be placed with sponsors while waiting for their immigration hearings. Lawmakers from both parties are trying to change that law. They want to treat children from all countries the same and therefore give the government the ability to return these kids to their home countries more quickly, and the White House seems to be on board with that.

BLOCK: OK, NPR's Ailsa Chang on Capitol Hill. Ailsa, thanks.

CHANG: You're welcome.

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Study: Statehouse Press Corps In Decline

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"New York Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver talks to reporters in a hallway at the capitol in Albany in March. The ranks of statehouse reporters have been thinning in recent years." alt

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In Texas, Obama Sets Stage To Answer 'Do-Nothing' Congress

11:54 AM 'Do-Nothing', answer, Congress, Obama, stage, Texas No comments

"Speaking about the need for congressional action on immigration, President Obama told a crowd at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas, on Thursday that he would "love it if the Republicans did stuff too."" alt

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Administration Officials Defend Funding Request To Stem Border Crisis

11:24 AM Administration, border, Crisis, Defend, Funding, Officials, Request No comments

by Ailsa Chang

July 11, 2014 5:00 AM ET Listen to the Story Morning Edition

2 min 9 sec Playlist Download

President Obama has asked for $3.7 billion to deal with the southern border crisis. There are predictions the number of unaccompanied children entering the U.S. could reach 90,000 by October.

RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:

It's MORNING EDITION from NPR News.

Good morning. I'm Renee Montagne.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

And I'm Steve Inskeep.

Let's look more closely at the unaccompanied young people crossing the U.S. border. It's a complicated story, and in a moment, our correspondents field some frequently asked questions.

MONTAGNE: We begin with the debate over what to do about the migrant flow. President Obama's request for emergency funds has intensified that debate. Yesterday, two of his cabinet secretaries appeared at a Senate hearing to defend the request.

NPR's Ailsa Chang reports.

AILSA CHANG, BYLINE: Almost half of the president's request for $3.7 billion will go entirely to the care of these children - more beds, medical care, legal services. But Republican Mike Johanns of Nebraska said that means the smuggling groups aren't lying to parents in Central America when they say the U.S. will take care of their kids.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

SENATOR MIKE JOHANNS: Isn't your testimony today, establishing without a shadow of a doubt that that is in fact exactly, precisely what you're going to do when those kids are in your custody?

CHANG: Actually, Health and Human Services Secretary Sylvia Mathews Burwell says the emergency funds will enable the U.S. to make the smugglers' promise a false one.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

SYLVIA MATHEWS BURWELL: And the way we do that is by speeding the time with which people go back.

CHANG: White House officials say they've been deporting only about 1,800 unaccompanied children a year. About 57,000 have crossed the border since last October. So there's been a push to boost the removal numbers. But some Democrats, like Dick Durbin of Illinois, urge caution.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

SENATOR DICK DURBIN: What are we returning them to? Honduras, the murder capital of the world, where it is not safe to even have your children outside of your home?

CHANG: A 2008 law requires that children from countries that don't border the U.S. be placed with sponsors while waiting for their immigration hearings. Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson says he needs more discretion under that law to process deportations more quickly in this situation.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

JEH JOHNSON: A request for discretion, as long as I'm secretary, means a request for the ability to do the right thing.

CHANG: Johnson says the number of unaccompanied children entering the U.S. could reach 90,000 by October.

Ailsa Chang, NPR News, the Capitol.

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Germany Calls For 'Honest Foundation' In Relations With U.S.

10:54 AM 'Honest, calls, Foundation', Germany, Relations No comments

"German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier at a news conference at the Foreign Ministry in Berlin on Friday. Steinmeier will meet Secretary of State John Kerry this weekend to discuss allegations of U.S. spying." alt

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Avoiding The Border: Is This Obama's Hurricane Katrina?

10:24 AM Avoiding, Border:, Hurricane, Katrina?, Obama's No comments

July 11, 201412:18 PM ET Listen to the Story Tell Me More

16 min 38 sec Playlist Download

The president says he's working on addressing the surge of unauthorized border crossings into the U.S. But is his decision to not visit the border an epic mistake? The Barbershop guys weigh in.

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

I'm Michel Martin, and this is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. Now it's time for our weekly visit to the Barbershop, where the guys talk about what's in the news and what's on their minds. Sitting in the chairs for a shape-up this week are writer Jimi Izrael, with us from Cleveland - Arsalan Iftikhar, founder of themuslimguy.com, is with us from Chicago. Lenny McAllister is a Republican strategist and the host of "Get Right With Lenny McAllister," on KDKA NewsRadio, with us from Pittsburgh. And in our Washington, D.C. studios, Corey Dade, contributing editor for the online publication The Root. Take it away, Jimi.

JIMI IZRAEL: Thanks, Michel. Hey, hey, fellows. Welcome to the shop. How're we doing?

ARSALAN IFTIKHAR: Hey, hey, hey. What's happening?

COREY DADE: What's up, though?

LENNY MCALLISTER: What's going on, now?

IZRAEL: All right. All right, well, OK. President Obama seems to be in some hot water with his critics over the U.S.-Mexico border situation that's been boiling over in the past few weeks. Isn't that right, Michel?

MARTIN: Well, we've been talking about this a lot on the program, as you probably know. The U.S. is struggling to deal with thousands of people, many of them unaccompanied children and some of them single mothers with children, who've been coming across the border. The conditions are not appropriate. They're crowded and certainly not meant for children. Now, the president went on a southwest swing. Earlier this week, he went to Colorado. He met with Governor John Hickenlooper there. He went to Texas on Wednesday. He talked with Governor Rick Perry there. But he's been hammered by people, including some Democrats who say he should have made some time to visit the border himself, especially in a week when he was filmed playing pool and drinking beer during his visit to Colorado. He was meeting with people there, obviously. He wasn't just, you know, playing pool for himself, but he was talking to constituents. But anyway, this is Congressman Henry Cuellar. He's a Texas Democrat. He's talking about this on MSNBC.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

REPRESENTATIVE HENRY CUELLAR: You know, when I saw that, it just really floored me because if he's saying he's too busy to go down to the border, but you have time to drink a beer, play pool - the optics - I mean, just the appearance means that he's not paying attention to this humanitarian crisis.

IZRAEL: Of course he's not, Michel. And thank you for that piece of tape because bodies floating down the street is just like people running across the border. Lenny says some folks are calling this Obama's Katrina moment. Obviously, it isn't. But comparing it to President George Bush's - W. Bush's botched response to Katrina - are you one of those folks? I mean, not to put you on the spot or anything, but...

(LAUGHTER)

MCALLISTER: (Laughing) Well, that's the whole purpose of having me on the Barbershop.

(CROSSTALK)

IZRAEL: Welcome to the Barbershop, Mr. McAllister. Go ahead.

MCALLISTER: This is not Katrina. I don't want people comparing this to Katrina. It's not his Katrina moment. Are the optics bad? Yes. And more importantly, not just was he playing pool and not just was he having a beer, but he also was in Dallas - north Dallas - raising money, being the epitome of a politician without being the epitome of a leader. That's the issue. Now, we can all agree on that and still say that it's not the same as American citizens stranded and dead in New Orleans after Katrina versus a crisis at the border because he botched the immigration process when he had control of Congress. Those are two different things completely.

IZRAEL: Yeah, thank you for that, Mr. McAllister. Corey Dade, I don't understand what he's supposed to do at the border. Is he supposed to stick his hand out like Charlton Heston and do, like, a Moses? I mean, what exactly is supposed to happen here...

DADE: I think...

IZRAEL: Now, I know you covered the aftermath of the hurricane Katrina. What do you say to all of this, man?

DADE: Yeah, I think what he was supposed to do was come down with his staff and - literally, a staff as in the thing you hold, a rod - and part the sea to allow all the children to go back across the other side. I mean, that - I think that's what they were expecting. But, I mean, realistically, it's totally ridiculous. I mean, Senator John Cornyn from Texas is one of the main ones criticizing him for not coming down. But months ago - in fact, it may have been longer than that - he was one of the main ones who criticized the president for his position on immigration and also the idea - and totally rejected the idea that the president come down to the border for a photo op. And now he and every other Republican are the main ones saying - including some Democrats - saying that he should do it. Was a photo op opportunistic? Would it have been? Yeah. But the deal is, it's about how you respond to this crisis materially. Whether he goes down there and is physically seen on the border is absolutely immaterial because he is already on record - he already has a record of being aggressive in trying to push for immigration reform. So his position on that issue is really not in question here. And the idea of the Katrina comparison is just offensive.

MARTIN: Why is it offensive? I get the impression that a number of people are offended by this, but tell me why. Tell me why.

DADE: It's offensive because there are very material distinctions. As someone who was down there on the ground when President H. W. Bush did his flyover, you know, when the response...

MCALLISTER: It was W. - it wasn't H. W. that did that, Corey.

MARTIN: It was W. - George W.. It was 43, not 41. But anyway...

DADE: I'm sorry. My mistake. Right, it was W.. You know, I was down there. And also, I chronicled sort of the narrative of how the federal response went. And you know, this is a president who went down there and made a speech and then said, Brown, you're doing a good job. He said it directly to the person who was botching the response. And all the while, that entire state was drowning, or dying, or being stranded. And, you know, this is not what's happening here. We're not talking about a federal government that's not responding to this crisis - because they are. And to Lenny's point about Dallas - yes, he did a photo op in Dallas. He definitely wanted to raise money. But he also went to the leaders in Dallas who actually did a novel thing. They actually volunteered three facilities to actually house these children, which is the humane approach.

MARTIN: Arsalan, what do you think?

IFTIKHAR: Yeah, I mean, I think that both Lenny and Corey have already sort of hit the nail on the head. This certainly is not Katrina. You know, I think that, you know, equivocating, you know, thousands of dead bodies floating through the streets of New Orleans with this, you know, 50,000 undocumented immigrants is - I think it's intellectually dishonest. I think it's interesting, you know, people talk about the optics of President Obama not going there. You know, imagine the optics, just from a political vantage point, if he does go there and, you know, Republican candidates, you know, have pictures of President Obama with undocumented immigrants. You know, I can see 30 second ad spots saying, see, look, President Obama supports illegal immigration in the U.S.. And so, you know, I think that there's a little bit of intellectual dishonesty going on here. And this might be Republicans, you know, trying to goad him into going, only to be used for potential political campaign ads.

MCALLISTER: No, it's not.

MARTIN: Well, both sides are trying to - go ahead - but Lenny, I have to ask you this question, though. I mean, Republicans criticize the president when he takes administrative action. But there's a political disagreement over the direction that immigration reform should take. So I guess I - what is it that they think should happen, other than just agree with them when he doesn't, about what should happen legislatively? I mean, I'm just - what is it that he should be doing that he isn't doing? - because when he does take administrative action, they call him a dictator. So...

MCALLISTER: Well, I think the first thing that needs to be understood is the fact that there's having a policy - there's a lack of action that transpired in 2009 and 2010. So to blame Republicans like he's been doing when it comes to immigration over the last several weeks and saying that they're the ones that have stopped immigration reform when we all know that Univision held president accountable - President Obama accountable, both in 2010 and 2012, for not doing anything in 2009 and 2010 - there's something to be said for that. Number two, having a policy position or doing something 500 miles away in Dallas when you're raising money - and that's something not to ignore, Corey, that he raised money, got a couple groups that have some housing. But that's different than going to the border, especially when this is a new crisis. We had immigration issues previously. But when you start having these busloads of children coming here, some of which where there have been reports where up to one-third of all the girls between the ages of 10 and 15 have been sexually molested or raped on their way up from Central America - when you start talking about that, there's a new need, especially when Julian Castro and the Castro twin brothers have been very close to this administration since the convention of 2012.

DADE: Wow.

MARTIN: What's the relevance of that?

DADE: Wow.

MARTIN: What are you - what...

MCALLISTER: There's something to say about going to San Antonio and at least meeting with them...

DADE: Really?

IZRAEL: Uh-oh.

MARTIN: In southern Texas, rather than just staying in Dallas and raising money.

MARTIN: So you think...

MCALLISTER: That's where leadership comes into play.

MARTIN: Which is why, I mean - which is why some Hispanic groups, leaders, have called him the deporter-in-chief. I mean, they feel that his efforts in law enforcement have been too draconian. So, I mean, clearly - you know what I mean?

DADE: He's deported a record number of people - unprecedented in this...

MCALLISTER: In 2012, he also allowed people to stay here in order to turn the tide with the election. So there are two sides to that coin...

DADE: No, not really.

MCALLISTER: And we continuously only want to look at one side or the other. And again, to Arsalan's point, at some point in time you're going to get it either way from Republicans. So you have to make a choice. Do you want to do things as a politician, or things as a leader? He refuses to do things as a leader more often than not...

MARTIN: OK.

MCALLISTER: Because he's afraid of the politics. And that's a lame duck president. That is very, very shameful.

MARTIN: OK. Well, does anybody else have anything to say about this? I think we're going to move on 'cause I think, you know - I think we've had a good elucidation of what the points of view are on this. So if you're just joining us, we're having our weekly Barbershop roundtable. We're joined by Republican strategist Lenny McAllister - that's who was speaking just now - writer Jimi Izrael, journalist Corey Dade and Professor Arsalan Iftikhar. Back to you, Jimi.

IZRAEL: Thanks, Michel. OK, gentleman. Let's move along, talk about sports. As it happens, ESPN Magazine's annual body issue hit the stands today, featuring nude athletes to, quote, "showcase an array of sports and body types." OK, they just want to move some magazines. But anyway...

(LAUGHTER)

IZRAEL: This year they got Michael Phelps and Venus Williams on the cover - yes. But baseball player Prince Fielder's getting a lot of press for his cover shot. Why is that, Michel?

MARTIN: Well, he's - Fielder is - well, first of all, everybody in this is nude. So it's the body issue. But he's - the buzz is that he's a big guy - that, you know, if he were a woman, we'd say he's curvy. Or our friend Dani Tucker would say - one of regular contributors - she would say he's thick and fit. And here's what he had to say about this for ESPN.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

PRINCE FIELDER: I'm still in my prime. But, you know, I've got to be a little more smarter about my fitness as well as my nutrition. I don't like to eat too bad, but I just like to eat good food. I guess I'd like to have a 12-pack. That would be cool.

MARTIN: You know, a lot of people are fine. They're saying, look, this is how it is. I mean, the whole point is that you don't have to be one body type in order to be, you know, fit and to be an athlete. And they think it's all good. And some people say that's driving up traffic around the hash tag #husky - Twitter. So, Jimi, what do you think about that?

IZRAEL: You know what? I think you all are late because I'm from Cleveland - you know, home of Gerald Levert, R.I.P., N - men at large. I mean, we - the men here have been fat and black before it was sexy. And, you know, I'm no stick, you know, at 225. You know...

(LAUGHTER)

IZRAEL: I'm holding it down. But, you know, we were fat and black before it was sexy. The men here, sisters, you all know what it's about.

(LAUGHTER)

IZRAEL: But fellows - but fellows - you know, Arsalan, what do you think? What do you think?

IFTIKHAR: I think it's great. I think it's absolutely wonderful. You know, in past ESPN body issues, you know, everything - every picture in there has been of Greek gods and Greek goddesses, you know, with their chiseled, absolutely perfect bodies. And I think that showing, you know, an athlete like Prince Fielder - and, you know, keep in mind, he is a good baseball player, you know? He's not just some scrub. He's a good baseball player who doesn't sort of fit that traditional mold of, you know, like, the perfect Greek god or goddess body. I think it's absolutely wonderful for those of us who, you know, have similar shaped bodies and are not perfect like everyone that ESPN normally highlights.

IZRAEL: Lenny. Lenny, no, I've seen you, brother. You could use a pork sandwich. But...

(LAUGHTER)

IZRAEL: But should Fielder spend more time in magazines or maybe at the gym, bro?

MCALLISTER: The bottom line is he's making millions of dollars a year hitting a baseball 400 feet. And he does that well, so why mess with it? Listen, I'd rather - you know, and not that I'm looking at Prince Fielder or anything else, but 20 years ago, it would've been John Kruk. Would you rather Prince Fielder or John Kruk? And 100 years ago, it would've been Babe Ruth. So there's always been these tubby sluggers that have been out there in baseball. Heck, this is a sport where Boston Red Sox players that didn't pitch on certain days, just a few years ago, got busted drinking beer in a clubhouse. You can't hear about the NFL, or NHL, or anyplace else. So why are we surprised, when we're talking about major league baseball players, some of them looking like this?

MARTIN: What do you think, Corey?

DADE: Hey, man. I'm a former football player. So I've never been skinny - never wanted to be skinny. So I like it. I have no problem with it. I think anytime we're sitting here talking about the outrageous or controversial nature of a magazine cover, the magazine has succeeded. They're moving units.

MARTIN: Well, the fact is, I saw some data that said that first of all, this issue outsells, both in advertising and on the circulation, every other issue.

DADE: It makes their money for the year. This is where they make their money.

MARTIN: But here's my question - how do you feel about that? I mean, how do you feel about that, Corey?

DADE: Which part?

MARTIN: Well, the nudity part. I mean, the fact is a lot of people are saying - on the one hand, they're saying it's a celebration of the body in all its various forms. But some people say this is just another kind of - it's like, sex sells. It's like, it's really selling sexuality and then pretending that it's something else.

IZRAEL: Of course it is.

DADE: Well, I think the two aren't mutually exclusive. I think you can sell sex or sexuality and still celebrate the beauty of the human body. They almost go together. No, not they almost - they do go together. And...

MARTIN: OK, so what would happen if there were a curvy, thick and fit woman on the cover - a female athlete on the cover?

DADE: It's happened many times.

MARTIN: Really, who?

DADE: Insert Serena Williams.

MARTIN: Serena Williams is not...No, this is, I think...

DADE: She's not thick?

MARTIN: She's extremely muscular. It's a different - I don't think...

IZRAEL: No, she's thick.

DADE: No, she's got a donk.

MARTIN: Really?

DADE: She's got a donk. She's 5' 11'', and she's 150-plus pounds, about 160. Yeah, that's thick. She's a thick girl.

IZRAEL: That's thick. That's thick.

MARTIN: And I'm not going to debate thickness.

DADE: And she's a great athlete.

MARTIN: She is a great athlete.

IZRAEL: Absolutely.

MARTIN: Well, curvier - how about, say, curvier?

DADE: Yeah, well. Yeah, that's happened.

IZRAEL: You mean like Queen Latifah?

MARTIN: Well, I don't - she's not an athlete. But...

DADE: You're going to be hard-pressed to find world-class athletes who are women who are larger, thicker, or curvier, as you put it, than a Serena Williams. Serena Williams is the gold standard for the big, athletic, still-sexy woman.

MARTIN: OK.

MCALLISTER: And you're never going to be able find that with women because look at the sports that women play at high levels that are high-profile - basketball, volleyball. Even if you want to go to Olympic hockey, I mean, they're constantly moving. So they're not going to look like a baseball player who, by the way...

DADE: Right.

MCALLISTER: Prince Fielder is a DH, sit on the bench and swing the bat three times a game...

DADE: First baseman, first baseman.

MCALLISTER: Or a first baseman.

IZRAEL: Really good point.

MCALLISTER: So of course he's going to look differently than these ladies would.

DADE: Yeah, all those players - first basement and DH, they're all thick. They're all heavy - and some pitchers. They're the only two positions on baseball who don't really make their money by moving.

MARTIN: OK. All right. Well, I stand corrected.

(LAUGHTER)

MARTIN: OK, how about that? I never thought I'd be having a conversation with my male colleagues about thick and fit.

MCALLISTER: Thank god we're recording...

(LAUGHTER)

MARTIN: But we are.

MCALLISTER: It's the Barbershop, you know.

IZRAEL: It is the Barbershop.

MARTIN: All right. So finally, we just have about a minute a half left. So listen, we need to find a new way to make money. So everybody take notes. An Ohio man - not Jimi - started a Kickstarter a campaign to make potato salad. He was looking to raise $10, but the campaign went viral. And at one point he hit the $70,000 mark. And so I'm going to ask you. OK, what's your dream Kickstarter campaign? Jimi, what's yours?

IZRAEL: There's a nice, signed Baldwin in another country, the first edition, I'm trying to get a hold of. So hookup your boy, for real.

MARTIN: OK. All right, Lenny. What about you?

MCALLISTER: Probably selling my wife's mystery cheesecake. It's awesome.

MARTIN: Mystery cheesecake?

MCALLISTER: It's a mix of cheesecake and pecan pie. It's fantastic.

MARTIN: Oh, OK. You could've brought us some. Corey, what about you?

DADE: Well, I was - it was a suggestion - shout out to in Diva (ph) in Philly. She suggested I pay - that I raise money on Kickstarter to pay everybody's water bill in Detroit. But I'm not really feeling that charitable. So I say, I'm trying to raise money for my retirement plan. How about that?

MARTIN: Well, OK, yeah. Let's see how that goes. All right, Arsalan. What about you? I hate to break this up during Ramadan, but what about it?

IFTIKHAR: Yeah, I would start a Kickstarter campaign to make sriracha sauce mandatory in every school lunch in America.

(LAUGHTER)

IZRAEL: Nice.

MARTIN: All right. Arsalan Iftikhar is founder of themuslimguy.com and an adjunct professor of religious studies at DePaul University. Lenny McAllister is a Republican commentator and radio host. Corey Dade is contributing editor for The Root. Jimi Izrael is a writer. You can find his blog at jimiizraelrael.com. Thank you all so much.

IFTIKHAR: God bless.

DADE: Yes sir.

IZRAEL: Yep.

MARTIN: And remember, if you can't get enough Barbershop buzz on the radio, look for our Barbershop podcast. That's in the iTunes Store or at npr.org. That's our program for today. I'm Michel Martin, and this is TELL ME MORE, from NPR News and the African-American Public Radio Consortium. Let's talk more on Monday.

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Week In Politics: Israel And Immigration

9:54 AM immigration, Israel, Politics: No comments

July 11, 2014 4:10 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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Regular political commentators, E.J. Dionne of The Washington Post and David Brooks of The New York Times, discuss the conflict in the Gaza Strip and President Obama's request of emergency immigration funds.

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Newspaper Editor, Activist John Seigenthaler Dies At 86

9:24 AM Activist, Editor, Newspaper, Seigenthaler No comments

"Nashville Tennessean Editor John Seigenthaler testifies at a Senate Commerce Subcommittee hearing in Washington in 1969. Seigenthaler died Friday at 86." alt

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House GOP Plows Forward With Plans To Sue Obama

8:54 AM Forward, House, Obama, plans, Plows No comments

by Scott Horsley

July 11, 2014 5:35 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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Florida Ruling Is A Primer On Redistricting Chicanery

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hide captionFlorida Republican state Sen. Rene Garcia examines a map of proposed changes in congressional districts in January 2012.

Chris O'Meara/AP

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New Guidelines For Gay Men: A Daily Anti-HIV Pill

7:54 AM Anti-HIV, Daily, Guidelines No comments

"AIDS drugs line a pharmacy's shelves. A new recommendation from the World Health Organization suggests a daily anti-HIV pill for men who have sex with men." alt

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Friday Feline Fun: A Ranking Of The Most Famous Internet Cats

7:24 AM Famous, Feline, Friday, Internet, Ranking No comments

Celebrity Internet cat Lil' Bub, who ranks No. 4 on the cat influencer list.

Dave Kotinsky/Getty Images

For reasons I can't fully understand, the Internet loves its cats. Keyboard Cat and Grumpy Cat are household names, I Can Haz Cheezeburger is a digital empire, and my real-life cats are on a social networking site called Catster (this is not a joke).

So you've got to wonder how it took a cat food company this long to come up with this: the Friskies 50, a definitive list of cat influencers, powered by an algorithm that adjusts monthly depending on a cat's social media reach, engagement across various social platforms, and mentions in traditional news outlets.

Herewith, the top 20 cats, and you can see the full list for more:

To close this out, here's a classic from Maru, my personal favorite Internet cat (ranked No. 14 on the power list).

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Declining Domestic Sales Speed Talks For Tobacco Mega-Merger

6:54 AM Declining, Domestic, Mega-Merger, sales, Speed, talks, Tobacco No comments

by Yuki Noguchi

July 11, 2014 4:10 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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Tobacco companies Reynolds American and Lorillard have confirmed they're in talks about a merger. For Reynolds, the move would mean doubling down on the future of e-cigarettes.

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Among Israelis, Pressure Swells To Commence Ground War In Gaza

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by Ari Shapiro

July 11, 2014 4:10 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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One of the first serious hits by a Hamas rocket has left a gas station burning

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Health Officials Push HIV Prevention Pills

5:54 AM Health, Officials, Pills, Prevention No comments

July 11, 2014 4:10 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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The World Health Organization has announced a sweeping new guideline, recommending that all men who have sex with mean take antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a similar recommendation in May. For more on these announcements, Melissa Block speaks with reporter Richard Knox.

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By Laying Waste To Houses, Israeli Strikes May Lay Seeds For New Rage

5:24 AM Houses, Israeli, Laying, Seeds, Strikes, Waste No comments

by Emily Harris

July 11, 2014 4:10 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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Israeli air strikes on houses in the Gaza Strip have killed families and flattened the homes of neighbors, even as they target Hamas militants. One Palestinian human rights advocate says that, with these attacks, Israel is destroying a safe future for itself.

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In Aftermath Of Brazil's World Cup Defeat, A Poem To Numb The Pain

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by Kevin Roose

July 11, 2014 4:37 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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Newspaper Editor, Activist John Seigenthaler Dies At 86

4:24 AM Activist, Editor, Newspaper, Seigenthaler No comments

"Nashville Tennessean Editor John Seigenthaler testifies at a Senate Commerce Subcommittee hearing in Washington in 1969. Seigenthaler died Friday at 86." alt

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Spread Of Palm Oil Production Into Africa Threatens Great Apes

3:54 AM Africa, Great, Production, Spread, threatens No comments

"Gorillas in Virunga National Park in Democratic Republic of Congo, in 2013. Great apes like the gorilla have become increasingly threatened by the expansion of palm oil production in Africa." alt

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Fate Of The New N.C. Voter ID Law Now Rests In A Judge's Hands

3:24 AM Hands, Judge's, Rests, Voter No comments

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North Carolina's voter ID law has come under fire in the courts, challenged by lawyers from the U.S. Department of Justice, the NAACP and voting rights groups. A judge will decide whether parts of the law should be implemented or delayed. Jeff Tiberii of WUNC has been following the hearing, and he wraps up recent developments and possible outcomes.

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Remembering Jazz Legend Charlie Haden, Who Crafted His Voice In Bass

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by Patrick Jarenwattananon

July 11, 2014 5:23 PM ET

Audio for this story from All Things Considered will be available at approximately 7:00 p.m. ET.

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House GOP Plows Forward With Plans To Sue Obama

2:24 AM Forward, House, Obama, plans, Plows No comments

by Scott Horsley

July 11, 2014 5:35 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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Florida Ruling Is A Primer On Redistricting Chicanery

1:54 AM Chicanery, Florida, Primer, Redistricting, Ruling No comments

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hide captionFlorida Republican state Sen. Rene Garcia examines a map of proposed changes in congressional districts in January 2012.

Chris O'Meara/AP

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Feds Tighten Lab Security After Anthrax, Bird Flu Blunders

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by Richard Harris

July 11, 2014 6:06 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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China's Booming Real Estate Market Finally Begins To Slide

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by Frank Langfitt

July 10, 2014 5:27 AM ET Listen to the Story Morning Edition

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Samsung Faces Allegation That A Chinese Supplier Used Child Labor

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hide captionElectronics giant Samsung is facing allegations that a supplier in China used child labor to meet the company's production targets.

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Eileen Ford, Creator Of The Supermodel, Dies At 92

11:54 PM Creator, Eileen, Ford, Supermodel No comments

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hide captionEileen Ford with two of her famous models, Cheryl Tiegs (left) and Cristina Ferrare, in New York in 1983. Ford died on Wednesday at age 92.

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A New Device Lets You Track Your Preschooler ... And Listen In

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hide captionKizON went on sale in South Korea this week, with North America and Europe to follow later this year. Its price has not yet been announced.

I was always thankful that my parents didn't "leash me" at the mall or grocery store when I was a child

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Picketing Truckers Raise Tensions At LA Port Amid Dockworker Talks

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by Kirk Siegler

July 10, 2014 4:59 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

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When Ikea Raises Its Minimum Wage, Where Does The Money Come From?

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by David Kestenbaum

July 11, 2014 3:31 AM ET Listen to the Story Morning Edition

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Economy Hurts Young Adults Looking For Their First Job

9:54 PM Adults, Economy, first, Hurts, Looking, their, Young No comments

July 11, 2014 5:00 AM ET Listen to the Story Morning Edition

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Youth unemployment is double the national rate. Renee Montagne talks to Roberto Angulo of AfterCollege Inc. and Courtney Hawkins of the Federation Employment & Guidance Service Bronx Youth Center.

RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:

And there may be a lot more new college graduates applying for jobs in retail. We're going to hear why in the next few minutes.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

As part of our coverage of youth unemployment this summer. Let's hear from two guests who work with younger Americans still trying to find their first jobs. Each has a very different challenge because each works with a very different group of young people.

MONTAGNE: For Courtney Hawkins, it's how to help low-income teenagers get the credentials they need to get a job. She's vice president of FEGS, a health and human services agency that, with programs like the Bronx Youth Center, serves thousands of students and those who've dropped out of school. Also joining us is Roberto Angulo. He is a co-founder of San Francisco-based company After College. It's an online networking site that matches college graduates with potential employers. Welcome to both of you.

COURTNEY HAWKINS: Thank you.

ROBERTO ANGULO: Thanks, Renee.

MONTAGNE: Let me begin with Roberto Angulo. Is it really harder now to find a desirable job than it has been traditionally?

ANGULO: It's definitely harder. You know I started After College - co-founded a little over 15 years ago when I was a student myself, and back then it was sort of difficult getting a good job. You had certain majors that were still getting jobs. So for example, if you were nursing student you almost didn't have any difficulty in getting a job. Now fast forward and what we're seeing is that even the health care students are having trouble finding jobs, and I think it's just because this downturn affected a broader spectrum of the population.

MONTAGNE: Let me turn to you, Courtney Hawkins, because there are some teenagers and young adults for whom a high school diploma would be the plan -it is the plan. But is the time over when a young person can realistically enter the workforce with a high school diploma and still have a - a solid working life ahead of them?

HAWKINS: To really earn a living wage and get on a career path that's going to sustain a family really requires at least some amount of postsecondary training. We see for young people that don't have that - it's very hard to get a higher-level wage job. And for young people that haven't earned their high school diploma, particularly in New York City where we are, it's almost impossible to get any kind of job because many employers now that have very entry-level jobs that typically would have been available for a young person are now able to put on kind of new requirements, because it's really an employer's market. And so for an entry-level retail job they'll tell you you need a high diploma and two years of experience for the position. But there is no real place to kind of cut your teeth in the workforce like there used to be in the past.

MONTAGNE: And how much does that impact long-term prospects?

HAWKINS: It's tremendous. I mean, we know - if you think about what your first job was, no matter how related as to what you are doing now, you learned some really important life lessons in that job. And so we know that work is a really important developmental milestone for young people and what we see here is that there's really a generation of young people who aren't having the opportunity to kind of earn that developmental milestone. So they're not learning those important life lessons early on and what the research shows us is that the longer you delay your attachment to the workforce, the harder it's going to be later on to kind of be unemployed or have more sporadic employment. And so we know it is important for 16-, 17-, 18-, 19-year-olds to get wor,k and what we see at our Bronx Youth Center, is now those 17-year-olds who couldn't get a job four years ago are now 21 and still haven't got a job, and are coming to us, and have missed four years of work experience that really would've propelled them into a higher future earnings opportunity in the future, the opportunity to have experience for their resume, the opportunity to build relationships with supervisors who are going to give them recommendations - all of those things are really critical for young people as they grow up and kind of lay out they want their career path to be.

MONTAGNE: Is there a difference, Roberto Angulo, for those who have a college degree in hand?

ANGULO: I agree with Courtney. Anecdotally, we're seeing students who are taking jobs that may not require the education they received in college. Jobs in retail and food service - those - you might not even need a high school degree - but these are the jobs available and we're seeing a lot of students taking these jobs just to earn money and - and so, like, Courtney said, to acquire those work skills.

HAWKINS: Yeah, and that's where the two populations are really related. Those are the jobs that typically would've gone to high school students and that's really I think the difference that we've seen as a result of this recession is this kind of compression of young people out of the labor market, because people are taking jobs that maybe they previously wouldn't have taken because they have a higher credential.

ANGULO: At the same time, I would add to that, that even people who had been out in the - in industry and have years of experience who are unemployed are taking these jobs as well. So what we're seeing I think is - is - is high school students, college students and grads competing with also people who are already in industry who are - who are also being forced to take these jobs

MONTAGNE: Roberto Angulo of After College, speaking to us from San Francisco, speaking to us from New York, Courtney Hawkins of FEGS' education and youth programs. Thank you very much for talking with us.

HAWKINS: Thank you, Renee.

ANGULO: Thank you, Renee.

MONTAGNE: You are listening to MORNING EDITION from NPR News.

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FTC Sues Amazon Over In-App Purchases Made By Kids

9:24 PM Amazon, In-App, Purchases No comments

by Laura Sydell

July 11, 2014 5:00 AM ET Listen to the Story Morning Edition

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Amazon is facing charges by the Federal Trade Commission that it willingly allowed children to make millions of dollars in purchases inside apps without parental consent.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

NPR's Business News starts with bills run up on Amazon. The online commerce giant is facing a suit from the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC says Amazon willingly allowed children to make millions of dollars in purchases inside apps, often - we're talking about games here - without parental consent. NPR's Laura Sydell reports.

LAURA SYDELL, BYLINE: A lot of the sales are taking place in games which sell goods like acorns or extra energy.

JEFF CHESTER: These apps are designed to encourage the kids to spend money.

SYDELL: Jeff Chester is executive director of the Center for Digital Democracy, which focuses on privacy issues for kids. He says the apps make it easy for kids to purchase using their parents' Amazon account.

CHESTER: Once the app is tied to the parent's credit card and if the parent isn't looking, the kid can then charge, you know, lots of money.

SYDELL: In one case cited by the FTC, a parent said her daughter required more $350 in virtual goods without her consent, though, some charges were for as little as 99 cents. According to the FTC's complaint as far back December of 2011, internal Amazon communications said the in-app purchases were clearly causing problems for a large percentage of their customers. Amazon did make updates that required a password for charges over $20 and later updated the apps again. But the FTC says it remained easy for children to make unauthorized charges. In a letter to the agency earlier this month, the company's general counsel wrote that it did employ effective parental controls and it has kept improving them. Laura Sydell, NPR News.

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World Cup Broadcasting Rights Pay Off For ESPN, Univision

8:54 PM Broadcasting, ESPN, Rights, Univision, World No comments

July 11, 2014 5:00 AM ET Listen to the Story Morning Edition

4 min 30 sec Playlist Download

Renee Montagne talks to John Ourand of the Sports Business Journal about the business of watching the World Cup. It's been a boon for ESPN and Univision even with limited advertising during the games.

RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:

And this Sunday, Germany and Argentina play the final game of the World Cup. If the last few weeks are any guide, a record number of Americans will be tuning in both on television and online. To hear more about the business of broadcasting soccer, we reached John Ourand, the media reporter at the Sports Business Journal. Good morning.

JOHN OURAND: Good morning Renee.

MONTAGNE: Now, ESPN and Univision have the exclusive rights in the U.S. to broadcast the World Cup. Univision has the Spanish-language rights - ESPN, the English language rights. And they must be very happy on this World Cup, given how popular it is.

OURAND: You know, I'm running out of superlatives to describe the television interest and the digital interest in these games. ESPN paid about $100 million for these games and the ones four years ago in South Africa. And Univision paid 325 million for them. And judging by the amount of people that are watching - 4 million, 5 million viewers for soccer in America - these games are really hitting the casual fan and bringing the casual fan in to watch more than ever before.

MONTAGNE: And people would be watching, not just on television, but also on what? - phones and tablets.

OURAND: For me, that's a big story of these games - is the amount of people that are streaming the games live via the Watch ESPN app or via Univision Sports app. ESPN says that if you aggregate the number of people that are watching online, you can add 10 percent to their TV viewership figures, which is a number that's really almost unheard of in the digital space.

MONTAGNE: Is that partly because a lot of the games are during the time when people can actually watch them - like here in California, the games at one o'clock - you can almost get away with a lunch-hour viewing.

OURAND: That's what you would think, and that's the way, historically, people have been streaming games during work hours. But now ESPN and Univision both say that on weekends, when presumably, people are in front of their TVs, they're not seeing much drop-off in terms of the number of streams coming in, which suggests to them that more people are streaming and becoming comfortable with streaming games.

MONTAGNE: One way broadcasters make money off events like this is selling advertising, and this is something interesting about the World Cup. The World Cup, unlike other big sporting events like the Olympics or the Super Bowl - there is not a constant stream of advertising breaks. So how have ESPN and Univision been making money?

OURAND: Well, they still sell advertising. They sell advertising in the pregame show and halftime show and the postgame show, but a lot of where ESPN and Univision are making money is because more people now are downloading the app. So they're able to bring in that bigger audience. More people are stuck on ESPN and watching the shows that precede it or follow it. Univision said in the first twenty days of the 2014 World Cup, they recorded the 20 most trafficked days in Univision Digital's history. So that - there's just a lot of activity and they're able to make a lot of money off that.

MONTAGNE: So the World Cup has done great for ESPN and Univision, but they're not going to have the next couple of World Cups.

OURAND: No. And that speaks to the popularity of the World Cup. Fox and Telemundo are going to carry the next two World Cups, one in Russia and one in Qatar. Fox and Telemundo ended up paying double in terms of a rights fee from what ESPN and Univision paid. So they see a real growth potential within the World Cup, which is almost amazing when you take a look at some of these numbers that are coming out.

MONTAGNE: What does this World Cup mean for the sport of soccer?

OURAND: I believe that the sport of soccer's doing very well in America. I believe that the success of the World Cup this year shows that the World Cup is a big event along the lines of the Olympics or along the lines of the NFL playoffs. In 2010, when the World Cup was in South Africa, ESPN set ratings records, but as soon as the event ended, the major league soccer in America - their TV ratings gained only slightly. I think it was less than five percent. Every four years, swimming on NBC at the Olympics brings more than 30 million people coming to watch it. But nobody ever suggests that swimming is going to be a big prime time show for a network. It's just an event that Americans like to rally round and cheer for their countrymen. And I do believe that soccer is on the Ascendancy in the U.S. But I think that has almost nothing to do with the interest in the World Cup.

MONTAGNE: John Ourand is a media reporter at Sports Business Journal. Thanks very much.

OURAND: Thanks Renee.

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Hottest Burger In Britain Burns 2 Journalists

8:24 PM Britain, Burger, Burns, Hottest, Journalists No comments

July 11, 2014 5:00 AM ET Listen to the Story Morning Edition

56 sec Playlist Download

Two journalists from a newspaper in Brighton, England, went to the hospital after sampling the Hot Chili Burger. The heat is in the sauce, which is rated about 3,000 times hotter than Tabasco sauce.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

And that brings us to our last word in Business today - a taste test, with disastrous results.

RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST:

Two journalists from The Argus newspaper in Brighton, England landed in the hospital after sampling what is believed to be the hottest burger in Britain.

INSKEEP: The XXX Hot Chilli Burger sells for just under seven U.S. dollars at a local restaurant called Burger Off.

MONTAGNE: After taking just one bite - one bite - the men experienced severe stomach cramps, and lost feeling in their hands.

INSKEEP: Ouch. The heat comes from the sauce, which is rated - I don't know how you rate this - but it's rated about 3,000 times hotter than Tabasco sauce.

MONTAGNE: The owner of Burger Off says he sells the burgers responsibly, meaning nobody under 18, nor anyone who's been drinking can have one. And that's - it seemed like drinking might help (laughing).

INSKEEP: Yeah, maybe so.

MONTAGNE: That's the Business News on MORNING EDITION from NPR News. I'm Renee Montagne.

INSKEEP: And I'm Steve Inskeep. Let's go get a burger.

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Economists Say Inflation Is Tame; Consumers Aren't Buying It

7:54 PM Aren't, Buying, Consumers, Economists, inflation, Tame; No comments

"Meat is displayed in a case at a grocery store in Miami. The index of retail prices for meats, poultry, fish and eggs was up 7.7 percent from a year ago

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With Brazil Out Of The World Cup, Was The Price Tag Worth It?

7:24 PM BRAZIL, Price, World, Worth No comments

July 11, 201412:18 PM ET Listen to the Story Tell Me More

10 min 55 sec Playlist Download

Host Michel Martin learns more about what's happening at the World Cup, both on and off the field, in the days leading up to the final match on Sunday.

MICHEL MARTIN, HOST:

This is TELL ME MORE from NPR News. I'm Michel Martin. Soccer fans this is it, your weekend. Brazil and the Netherlands face off for third place at the World Cup on Saturday and Germany will play Argentina in the final on Sunday. Millions of fans around the world are expected to tune in for the final matches. We wanted to help you get ready but we also wanted to touch on some of the important stories that have been going on off the field or rather the pitch as they say in soccer as well. Joining us once again from Rio de Janeiro is Ricardo Zuniga. He's Latin America's sports editor for the Associated Press. Ricardo welcome back, thanks for joining us again.

RICARDO ZUNIGA: Hi, Michel. Thanks for having me.

MARTIN: Also joining us Greg Howard. He's editor of Deadspin's soccer website Screamer and a writer for Deadspin. Greg, welcome to you as well.

ZUNIGA: Hey Michel, how you doing?

MARTIN: I'm good. So, Ricardo let me start with you 'cause Brazil was really in mourning after that 7-1 defeat by Germany earlier this week. What's the mood like in Brazil now? Are people still interested?

ZUNIGA: I think they've lost a lot of interest in the tournament. Obviously their main goal was to reach the final and not only reach the final but win it all. And after such a demoralizing loss against Germany, it really dampened the mood over here. No one is really interested either in playing or watching this third-place game and the fact that Argentina, Brazil's main football or soccer rival, is in the final is even worse for them. It's like rubbing salt on the wound. So, they will be watching Sunday's final but the interest will be for them to - for Germany to win, even though Germany - beat them so badly, they would rather see Germany win than Argentina.

MARTIN: Well you know, the team faced two enormous hurdles at the later rounds. I mean Neymar badly hurt in the quarterfinals against Columbia, took him out of the tournament. And then the captain, Thiago Silva's suspension. Will Silva be back for the final? Does Brazil have a chance to take third, even though as you said, the kind of, the wind is out of the sails at this point.

ZUNIGA: Yes, Silva is back. He had just a one game suspension because of accumulation of yellow cards. And right now it's up for grabs. That third place match - Netherlands coach, Louis van Gaal, already said after losing to Argentina in the semifinals, that they did not want to play that match. I think Brazil has at least some motivation to win it. So they don't leave the tournament with such a sour taste in their mouths, and they at least leave a good last impression with their fans. So, I think Brazil obviously has some advantage there, they also have an extra day of rest. And you got to remember that the Netherlands played their semifinals on Wednesday. Brazil played theirs on Tuesday. And the Netherlands also played 30 extra minutes. So Brazil has several advantages over the Netherlands for that match.

MARTIN: Greg what's been the big story of the tournament for you?

GREG HOWARD: You know, besides Luis Suarez, I think the Brazil match against Germany and them getting thrubbed(Ph) the way that they did, is probably going to be something people talk about for years actually. I mean, it was the most shocking thing I think anyone has ever seen in the sport.

MARTIN: You know, you mentioned that the Luis Suarez, we're talking about- this the Uruguayan player who was thrown out of the games for biting another player, this is not the first time that he's done this. But you know the uglier side of the game has been on display in this tournament. I mean, the fact that Neymar was hurt so badly because he would kneed in the back and he reportedly couldn't feel his legs after the injury. And then of course there are the concussions, which you also wrote about. Do you think that this might be an inflection moment, where this side of the sport gets more attention?

HOWARD: It's hard to tell, especially with concussions. I mean, I think it's a big story here because of American football but I don't know. I mean, Ricardo probably knows better than I do. If they're talking about concussions in Brazil, in Uruguay where Alvaro Pereira, you know, he's hit on the head and back to that game, really hard. One time he was knocked out and had to - he actually yelled downed the team doctor to put him back in the game. I don't know how it is in the rest of the world but in America I think that's one thing people are talking about. A lot of this is probably due to the fact that we are more aware of the danger of concussions due to American football.

MARTIN: Ricardo what do you think? What do you think? I mean, as we mentioned these kinds of incidents have happened- happen all along. But they - as we mentioned in this country, in the U.S., this has been the most-watched tournament, you know, ever. It's been in huge numbers. Do you think that this kind of worldwide focus on this kind of injury will perhaps be a game changer in some way?

ZUNIGA: Well first of all I agree with Greg, in the fact that with the concussion story, it has been more talked about the states and then over here in Latin America. The football culture in Latin America is very much a macho culture. So for a player to go out of a game because he got, you know, got knocked down and he lost consciousness for a second, they would never do that. So, in a way it's, I guess it's fairly similar to the, what we call American football, quote, unquote, "NFL Culture" in the states. Where, you know, players usually wouldn't come out of a game because they got knocked down. But now they have a concussion protocol over there, which FIFA is supposed to have but they sometimes just don't abide it. Over here like you mentioned the, Alvaro Pereira case with Uruguay. For the Uruguay people and the Uruguay media, they couldn't believe that they were such a big issue, that people were talking about why did they allowed Pereira to go back when for us looking at that from the outside, it was probably obvious that he needed to come out of the game. I'm not really sure this is going to change. It would have a - there would have to be a culture change, not only - because not only the rules, the doctor, the team doctors they have a vested interest in the player going back. They didn't respond to an independent body that oversees the well-being of the players. They respond to the coach and the coach needs that player to go back to the field and the player wants to go back to the field. So like what you said with Pereira in the Uruguay match or like you say with Mascherano in the Netherlands match. Mascherano was also taken after taking a head-to-head hit and he went back on the pitch and actually he played probably his best match of the tournament after that. He saved Argentina from losing at the very last second, when he deflected a (Unintelligible) shot on goal. So, you know, I don't think it's going to change much even though it has gotten a lot of attention.

MARTIN: So let's - Ricardo a couple minutes left. I wanted to get your take on how Brazil has done as host country. As we mentioned the total bill will reportedly be around $11 billion and as one analyst said, that's $1 billion for every goal Brazil scored so far. Before the tournament began, you know, people were very - there was a lot of discussion around whether this was an appropriate use of state dollars, whether this was really worth all the money. What do you think is the sense of it now? What do you think the conversations are going to be after all the visitors leave?

ZUNIGA: Yeah, I think the conversation will be that some of the stadiums that were built were unnecessary and the money spent on them could have been spent on better things for the common people. Especially the four stadiums that are going probably become white elephants and they cost, the total cost for those was $1.6 billion. Those are the ones in Brasilia, Natal, Manaus and Cuiaba. Those four cities, they don't have major professional teams, so they are already looking at what uses they can give to the stadiums. But these are facilities that cost upwards of 300 or $400 million and they're probably going to become white elephants. So in the coming years, as we see these - all these facilities not being used, I think there's going to be some outrage over here on the money spent on the World Cup.

MARTIN: So, Greg let's turn to the final game, Argentina versus Brazil. Germany of course coming off just its pummeling of Brazil - I'm sorry Argentina versus Germany. So what's your take on the final match? Who has the advantage?

HOWARD: I think Germany does. I think they were - they've been the best team in the world for probably the last year and even though, you know, the tournament's been, you know, the tournaments been, you know, a drag for a lot of people especially, you know, you hear people saying that, no great (Unintelligible) in a great performance. But you know, Germany has a better team and they are, they're coming in off a destroying Brazil. I can't look past them over Argentina. Argentina (Unintelligible) this tournament. I think it will be tight for that reason but I really can't imagine any other scenario than Germany dominating the game and, you know, they might win 1-0 or 2-1. I think it'll be close but I think Germany will - they'll dominate the, you know, most of the play and I think they're going to, you know, hoist the trophy up in the end.

MARTIN: Ricardo what about you?

ZUNIGA: Well if I had to pick with my brain, I would pick Germany like Greg does. I'm going to go with my heart and I think the fact that Argentina has the best player in the world, and who is looking to become probably the best player ever and he just needs to win a World Cup, that's Messi . So I'm going to - I say Messi sinks the balance towards Argentina, 1-0.

MARTIN: He does, Messi - you say him alone. So, I guess that he better get wrapped in bubble wrap, right, before - for the weekend and make sure that he's taken care of. Nobody touch him. Nobody with a cold go anywhere near him, right? Ricardo Zuniga is AP's Latin America sports editor. He joined us on the line from Rio de Janeiro. To Greg Howard is the editor of Screamer, that's Deadspin's soccer site. He was with us from New York. Thank you both so much for speaking with us.

ZUNIGA: Thanks for having me, Michel.

HOWARD: Thanks for having me.

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Declining Domestic Sales Speed Talks For Tobacco Mega-Merger

6:54 PM Declining, Domestic, Mega-Merger, sales, Speed, talks, Tobacco No comments

by Yuki Noguchi

July 11, 2014 4:10 PM ET Listen to the Story All Things Considered

2 min 48 sec Playlist Download

Tobacco companies Reynolds American and Lorillard have confirmed they're in talks about a merger. For Reynolds, the move would mean doubling down on the future of e-cigarettes.

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Newspaper Editor, Activist John Seigenthaler Dies At 86

6:24 PM Activist, Editor, Newspaper, Seigenthaler No comments

"Nashville Tennessean Editor John Seigenthaler testifies at a Senate Commerce Subcommittee hearing in Washington in 1969. Seigenthaler died Friday at 86." alt

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Spread Of Palm Oil Production Into Africa Threatens Great Apes

5:54 PM Africa, Great, Production, Spread, threatens No comments

AP Analysis: Turmoil blurring Mideast borders

12:41 PM Analysis:, blurring, borders, Mideast, Turmoil No comments

CAIRO (AP) — Working in secret, European diplomats drew up the borders that have defined the Middle East's nations for nearly a century — but now civil war, sectarian bloodshed and leadership failures threaten to rip that map apart.

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Ukraine: 49 dead as rebels down military plane

12:11 PM military, plane, rebels, Ukraine: No comments

KIEV, Ukraine (AP) — Pro-Russian separatists shot down a military transport plane Saturday in the country's restive east, killing all 49 service personnel on board, Ukrainian officials said.

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Afghans brave Taliban threats to choose new leader

11:41 AM Afghans, brave, choose, Leader, Taliban, threats No comments

KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) — Afghans headed to the polls Saturday in a presidential runoff between two candidates who both promise to improve ties with the West and combat corruption as they confront a powerful Taliban insurgency and preside over the withdrawal of most foreign troops by the end of the year.

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